Optimization and kinetic studies of ultrasound-assisted extraction on polyphenols from Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus Unshiu Marc.) leaves

CİĞEROĞLU Z., KIRBAŞLAR Ş. İ., ŞAHİN SEVGİLİ S., Köprücü G.

Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, cilt.36, sa.5, ss.163-171, 2017 (SCI-Expanded) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 36 Sayı: 5
  • Basım Tarihi: 2017
  • Dergi Adı: Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.163-171
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Citrus unshiu Marc, Leaves, One-factor-at-a-time optimization, Surfactant, Total flavonoid content, Total phenolic content, Ultrasound-assisted extraction
  • Uşak Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

The present article includes the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) of Citrus unsiu Marc. leaves rich in polyphenols. The best possible combinations of solvent, pH of the media, solvent/solid ratio, extraction time, extraction temperature and particle size were obtained for the maximum extraction of Total Phenolic Compounds (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Compounds (TFC) by using One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) approach. The optimum extraction conditions of TPC were as follows: pH 4 in water; solvent/solid ratio of 20:1; extraction time, 54 min; and extraction temperature, 53ºC. On the other hand, pH 2 in water, solvent/solid ratio of 42:1, 48 min and 58ºC were found to be the optimal conditions for the extraction of TFC. The solvent selection was the most effective parameter for the related system. Additionally, several kinetic models (Film theory, Peleg model, first-order mechanism model and second order mechanism model) were employed to examine the kinetics of UAE.