Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL: SPECIAL TOPICS, cilt.2025, ss.1-627, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
In response to the 2020 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, the Future Circular
Collider (FCC) Feasibility Study was launched as an international collaboration hosted by CERN. This
report describes the FCC integrated programme, which consists of two stages: an electron-positron collider
(FCC-ee) in the first phase, serving as a high-luminosity Higgs, top, and electroweak factory; followed by
a proton-proton collider (FCC-hh) at the energy frontier in the second phase. The FCC-ee is designed to
operate at four key centre-of-mass energies: the Z pole, the WW pair production threshold, the ZH pro-
duction peak, and the top/anti-top production threshold—each delivering the highest possible luminosities
to four experiments. Over 15 years of operation, FCC-ee will produce more than 6 trillion Z bosons, 200
million WW pairs, nearly 3 million Higgs bosons, and 2 million top anti-top pairs. Precise energy calibra-
tion at the Z pole and WW threshold will be achieved through frequent resonant depolarisation of pilot
bunches. The sequence of operation modes between the Z, WW, and ZH substages remains flexible. The
FCC-hh will operate at a centre-of-mass energy of approximately 85 TeV—nearly an order of magnitude
higher than the LHC—and is designed to deliver 5 to 10 times the integrated luminosity of the upcoming
High-Luminosity LHC. Its mass reach for direct discovery extends to several tens of TeV. In addition
to proton-proton collisions, the FCC-hh is capable of supporting ion-ion, ion-proton, and lepton-hadron
collision modes. This second volume of the Feasibility Study Report presents the complete design of the
FCC-ee collider, its operation and staging strategy, the full-energy booster and injector complex, required
accelerator technologies, safety concepts, and technical infrastructure. It also includes the design of the
FCC-hh hadron collider, development of high-field magnets, hadron injector options, and key technical
systems for FCC-hh.