Environmental effects of international tourism in mediterranean european countries: A panel cointegration and causality analysis


Creative Commons License

Bayar Y., ŞAKAR E., Ozav T. B.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, vol.30, no.2, pp.1539-1547, 2021 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 30 Issue: 2
  • Publication Date: 2021
  • Doi Number: 10.15244/pjoes/125938
  • Journal Name: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, Central & Eastern European Academic Source (CEEAS), Environment Index, Greenfile, Public Affairs Index, Veterinary Science Database
  • Page Numbers: pp.1539-1547
  • Keywords: Economy’s size, Environment, International tourism, Panel causality analysis, Panel cointegration analysis
  • Uşak University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Tourism sector has become one of the largest export items in the globalized world and in turn an item of national income for the countries. However, the globally expanding tourism sector may lead to negative impacts such as environmental degradation, and detrimental effects on social and cultural values despite its positive effects on economic growth, employment, and balance of payments. In the study, we explore the short and long run effects of international tourism and real gross domestic product on environment proxied by carbon dioxide emissions in Mediterranean European states over the period of 1995-2018, using second generation cointegration and causality tests. The short run analysis revealed a one-way causality from real gross domestic product to carbon dioxide emissions. Furthermore, the long run analysis indicated that international tourism had a positive influence on carbon dioxide emissions in Italy and Slovenia and real gross domestic product had a positive influence on carbon dioxide emissions in most of the countries in the sample.