Effects of Globularia cordifolia on colon cancer cells: antioxidant activity, inflammatory cytokine analysis and molecular docking studies
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, cilt.105, sa.6, ss.3382-3396, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 105 Sayı: 6
- Basım Tarihi: 2025
- Doi Numarası: 10.1002/jsfa.14100
- Dergi Adı: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, INSPEC
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.3382-3396
- Anahtar Kelimeler: colon cancer, <fixed-case><italic>Globularia cordifolia</italic></fixed-case>, antioxidant activity, antiproliferative effects, molecular docking
- Uşak Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of Globularia cordifolia L. samples. The plant material was collected and extracted using the maceration method. Antioxidant activities were assessed through DPPH (i.e. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and iron chelation assays, whereas phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured using spectrophotometric methods. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was performed to identify biologically active compounds. The cytotoxic effect on colon cancer cells was evaluated using MTT [i.e. 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide] assays, and inflammatory cytokine levels were measured through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Molecular docking studies investigated the interactions of bioactive compounds with the 4UYA protein, and ADME (i.e. absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) modeling predicted their toxicity. RESULTS: The study revealed that the extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity with a median 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 39.48 ± 2.15 μg mL−1 in the DPPH assay and an effective iron chelation capacity with an IC50 value of 4.28 ± 0.19 mg mL−1. The total phenolic content was 662.51 ± 20.95 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1, and the flavonoid content was 114.99 ± 0.51 mg quercetin equivalents g−1, demonstrating the extract's richness in phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Significant antiproliferative effects were observed in colon cancer cells at a dose of 250 μg mL−1. Inflammatory cytokine analysis indicated a reduction in pro-inflammatory responses. Molecular docking studies showed strong binding affinities between the bioactive compounds and the 4UYA protein, suggesting the mechanisms of action. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that G. cordifolia extract exhibits strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties, making it a promising biomolecular agent for colon cancer therapy. The high phenolic and flavonoid contents, combined with the bioactive compounds' interactions with key molecular targets, underscore its potential therapeutic applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.