Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, cilt.345, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Carbon dots (CDs) are promising nanomaterials for adsorption and photocatalytic dye removal in wastewater treatment. In this study, TiO₂-modified carbon dots (TiO₂–CDs) were synthesized via a green hydrothermal route using Eriobotrya japonica leaf powder as the carbon source. The leaf extract was used to synthesize Fe₃O₄ and form the Fe₃O₄/Chi/TiO₂–CDs hybrid nanocomposite in a one-pot process. Structural, surface, optical, and magnetic properties were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM/EDX, BET, UV–Vis, XPS, and VSM analyses. The nanocomposite exhibited superparamagnetic behavior with an Mₛ value of 31 emu g−1, enabling magnetic separation. Compared to TiO₂–CDs (15.8 m2 g−1, 2.80 eV), the Fe₃O₄/Chi/TiO₂–CDs hybrid exhibited a higher surface area of 55.6 m2 g−1 and a lower band gap of 2.00 eV. The nanocomposite achieved crystal violet (CV) removal efficiencies of 87% under sunlight and 98% under UV irradiation within 30 min. Batch adsorption experiments yielded an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 49 mg g−1 (qₑ), corresponding to approximately 97% CV removal. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, while the equilibrium behavior was better described by the Langmuir isotherm. FTIR analysis and pHₚzc results suggest the role of surface charge effects, hydrogen bonding, and π–π interactions. Reusability tests showed 76.0% and 69.5% photocatalytic activity under UV and sunlight, respectively, after three cycles, and 60% adsorption capacity after four adsorption–desorption cycles. XPS analysis after the fifth cycle showed no notable changes in surface elemental signals, while Fe and Ti leaching remained below 1% during repeated use.